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Economics (Econ)
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Bagheri, Biederman, Blackwell, Chen, Flynn, Goenner, Hagen, Mialon, O’Neill (Chair), Owens, and da Silva

Economics is the study of how scarce resources are mobilized to meet the economic goals of individuals, businesses, organizations, governments and societies. The study of Economics is typically divided into two parts: macroeconomics (or aggregate economic analysis) studies economics from a broad-based perspective, including problems and issues such as unemployment, inflation and economic growth; microeconomics studies economics in terms of individual components, including problems and issues such as product pricing, competition, regulation and international trade. Students of Economics can expect to become familiar with key economic concepts and laws which give them an analytical perspective that is unique to this discipline, but is of great importance to individuals and to society.

The mission of the Economics Faculty falls into several important and interdependent areas. The faculty offers a curriculum that reflects the current state of knowledge and skills used by professional economists and that fosters an understanding of the workings of modern economies, whether at regional, national or international levels. The Economics Faculty carries out research objectives, consistent with those reported by the University and the College of Business and Public Administration, by completing research leading to publication in professional journals and other research outlets; and, as needed, by providing service-related and contracted research to the city, region and state. The Economics Faculty provides services to the college, university, community, region, the state and professional organizations. This includes: committee service, provision of appropriate expertise in matters relevant to the economics profession; memberships in civic organizations; memberships in professional organizations as well as other relevant service related activities.

All programs in Economics include the necessary undergraduate economics courses for students who intend to pursue graduate level study. In addition, the major in Business Economics and the major in Economics offer a quantitative track which is recommended for students preparing for graduate study in Economics or Actuarial Science. In addition to the aforementioned undergraduate degrees, the Economics faculty offers a Masters of Science in Applied Economics degree. Please see the graduate section of the catalog for more information.

College of Business and Public Administration

B.B.A. WITH MAJOR IN BANKING AND FINANCIAL ECONOMICS


The Economics Faculty together with other faculty in the College of Business and Public Administration offer a major in Banking and Financial Economics that is intended to prepare students for employment with financial institutions and government. The major is comprised of a comprehensive curriculum that provides a background in basic business, economic theory, the principles and practices of banks and other financial institutions, bank regulation, macroeconomic policy and international finance. Experience has shown the graduates of this program are prepared to immediately function in highly responsible positions in financial institutions and regulatory agencies.

All B.B.A. candidates must fulfill the College of Business and Public Administration degree requirements.

Required 125 credits (36 of which must be numbered 300 or above, and 60 of which must be from a 4-year institution) including:
  I. General Education Requirements (see University GER listing: 39 credit hours).
   
The following are required by CoBPA (12 credit hours)
    Comm 110 Fundamentals of Public Speaking
(3)
    Math 103 College Algebra
(3)
    Math 146* Applied Calculus I
(3)
    Pols 115 American Government I
(3)
    *Math 165, Calculus I, may be substituted for Math 146.
    Also, one of the following as required by CoBPA (3 credit hours)
    Anth 171 Introduction to Anthropology
(3)
    Psyc 111 Introduction to Psychology
(3)
    Soc 110 Introduction to Sociology
(3)
 
II.

College of Business and Public Administration Core Requirements (40 credit hours)
    Acct 200 Elements of Accounting I
(3)
    Acct 201 Elements of Accounting II
(3)
    Acct 315 Business in the Legal Environment
(3)
    Econ 201* Principles of Microeconomics
(3)
    Econ 202* Principles of Macroeconomics
(3)
    Econ 210** Introduction to Business and Economic Statistics
(3)
    Econ 303 Money and Banking
(3)
    ISys 117 Personal Productivity with Information Technology
(1)
    ISys 317 Information Systems in Enterprise
(3)
    Fin 310 Principles of Finance
(3)
    Mgmt 300 Principles of Management
(3)
    Mgmt 301 Operations Management
(3)
    Mgmt 475 Strategic Management
(3)
    Mrkt 305 Marketing Foundations
(3)
   

*
 

This course satisfies part of the GER Social Sciences requirement.
**  This course satisfies part of the GER Math, Science, and Technology requirement.
 
III.

Required Major Courses (25 credit hours):
   
Acct 301*

Intermediate Accounting I

(4)
    Econ 305 Principles of Banking
(3)
    Econ 308 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory
(3)
    Econ 309 Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory and Policy
(3)
    Econ 405 Bank Regulation
(3)
    Econ 438 International Money and Finance
(3)
    Fin 340 Intermediate Financial Management
(3)
    Fin 350 Financial Statement Analysis
(3)
   

*
 

Banking and Financial Economics majors are exempt from the Acct 218 prerequisite.
 
IV.

Elective Major Courses: Choose at least 9 credit hours from the following:
   
Acct 302

Intermediate Accounting II

(3)
    Econ 338 International Economics
(3)
    Econ 355 Government Regulation of Business
(3)
    Econ 395** Special Topics in Economics
(1-3)
    Econ 397* Cooperative Education
(1-4)
    Econ 409 Current Issues in Macroeconomic Policy
(3)
    Econ 410 Empirical Methods in Economics I
(3)
    Econ 411 Empirical Methods in Economics II
3)
    Econ 414 Managerial Economics
(3)
    Econ 416 Mathematics for Economists
(3)
    Econ 497* Internship
(1-4)
    Fin 321 Real Estate Finance and Investment
(3)
    Fin 324 Real Estate Appraisal
(3)
    Fin 360 Capital Market Financing and Investment Strategies
(3)
    Fin 420 Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management
(3)
    Fin 460 Management of Financial Institutions
(3)
    Fin 491** Senior Topics in Finance
(1-3)
   

*
 

No more than 4 hours of electives from Econ 397 and 497 may count toward the elective major courses.
 
**  Approval of the department required.


B.B.A. WITH MAJOR IN BUSINESS ECONOMICS

The major in Business Economics is offered through the College of Business and Public Administration. This program emphasizes the business firm — integrating economics with related areas in marketing, management, accounting, finance, and quantitative analysis. Students who complete a major in Business Economics possess a comprehensive background in the basic foundations of a business as well as the analytical skills in economics increasingly required to be successful in the business world at local, regional, national and international levels.All B.B.A. candidates must fulfill the College of Business and Public Administration degree requirements.

All B.B.A. candidates must fulfill the College of Business and Public Administration degree requirements.


Required 125 credit hours (36 of which must be numbered 300 or above, and 60 of which must be from a 4-year
institution) including:

 
I.

General Education Requirements (see University GER listing: 39 credit hours).
   
The following are required by CoBPA (12 credit hours)
    Comm 110 Fundamentals of Public Speaking
(3)
    Math 103 College Algebra
(3)
    Math 146* Applied Calculus I
(3)
    Pols 115 American Government I
(3)
   
*
Math 165, Calculus I, may be substituted for Math 146.
   
Also, one of the following as required by CoBPA (3 credit hours)
    Anth 171 Cultural Anthropology
(3)
    Psyc 111 Introduction to Psychology
(3)
    Soc 110 Introduction to Sociology
(3)
 
II.

College of Business and Public Administration Core Requirements (40 credit hours):
   
Acct 200

Elements of Accounting I

(3)
    Acct 201 Elements of Accounting II
(3)
    Acct 315 Business in the Legal Environment
(3)
    Econ 201* Principles of Microeconomics
(3)
    Econ 202* Principles of Macroeconomics
(3)
    Econ 210** Intro to Business and Economic Statistics
(3)
    Econ 303 Money and Banking
(3)
    ISys 117 Personal Productivity with Information Technology
(1)
    ISys 317 Information Systems in Enterprise
(3)
    Fin 310 Principles of Finance
(3)
    Mgmt 300 Principles of Management
(3)
    Mgmt 301 Operations Management
(3)
    Mgmt 475 Strategic Management
(3)
    Mrkt 305 Marketing Foundations
(3)
   

*
 

This course satisfies part of the GER Social Sciences requirement.
 
**  This course satisfies part of the GER Math, Science, and Technology requirement.
 
III.

Required Major Courses (15 credit hours):
   
Econ 308

Intermediate Microeconomic Theory

(3)
    Econ 309 Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory & Policy
(3)
    Econ 338 International Economics
(3)
    Econ 410 Empirical Methods in Economics I
(3)
    Econ 414 Managerial Economics
(3)
 
IV.

Elective Major Courses: Choose from either Option A, Option B, or a 12 credit hour combination from Options A and B below.
   
Option A - Choose at least 12 credit hours from the following:
    Econ 305 Principles of Banking
(3)
    Econ 324 Public Finance
(3)
    Econ 330 Business and Economic History
(3)
    Econ 341 Labor Economics and Labor Relations
(3)
    Econ 355 Government Regulation of Business
(3)
    Econ 380 Global Economic Development
(3)
    Econ 395 Special Topics in Economics
(1-3)
    Econ 397* Cooperative Education
(1-4)
    Econ 400 History of Economic Thought
(3)
    Econ 405 Bank Regulation
(3)
    Econ 409 Current Issues in Macroeconomic Policy
(3)
    Econ 411 Empirical Methods in Economics II
(3)
    Econ 416 Mathematics for Economists
(3)
    Econ 438 International Money and Finance
(3)
    Econ 489 Senior Honors Thesis
(1-8)
    Econ 495* Readings in Economics
(1-3)
    Econ 496* Research in Economics
(1-3)
    Econ 497* Internship
(1-4)
    Econ 575 Adv ST: Health Economics
(3)
   

*
 

No more than 6 credit hours of electives from Econ 397, 495, 496, and 497 may count toward the elective major courses.
   
Option B (Quantitative Option)* - Choose 12 credit hours from the following:
    Econ 411 Empirical Methods in Economics II
(3)
    Econ 416 Mathematics for Economists
(3)
    Math 165 Calculus I
(4)
    Math 166 Calculus II
(4)
    Math 265 Calculus III
(4)
    Math 266 Elementary Differential Equations
(3)
    Math 327 Applied Linear Algebra
(3)
    Math 465 Operations Research
(3)
   

*
 

Students seeking to prepare for graduate school in Economics are advised to choose Option B.


B.A. WITH MAJOR IN ECONOMICS

The major in Economics provides a critical examination of how the economic system works in the United States and throughout the world. The introductory courses are surveys of economic problems, policies, and theory; the required courses in micro theory and macro theory give a deeper analytical foundation. Electives permit further study in a wide range of fields, including international trade and finance, public sector economics, economic development, economic history, capital theory and finance, labor economics, income distribution, political economy, financial markets, and public policy analysis. The major in Economics provides a general background that is useful to those planning careers in law, government service, or business, as well as those planning careers as professional economists. Professional economists work as college professors, as researchers for government agencies, in businesses and consulting firms, and as administrators and managers in a wide range of fields.


Required 125 credits (36 of which must be numbered 300 or above and 60 of which must be from a 4-year institution) including:
 
I.

General Education Requirements (see University GER listing: 39 credit hours)
 
II.

Required Major Courses (24 credit hours):
   
Econ 201*

Principles of Microeconomics

(3)
    Econ 202* Principles of Macroeconomics
(3)
    Econ 210** Introduction to Business & Economic Statistics
(3)
    Econ 303 Money and Banking
(3)
    Econ 308 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory
(3)
    Econ 309 Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory & Policy
(3)
    Econ 338 International Economics
(3)
    Econ 410 Empirical Methods in Economics I
(3)
   

*
 

This course satisfies part of the GER Social Sciences requirement.
 
**  This course satisfies part of the GER Math, Science, and Technology requirement.
 
III.

Elective Major Courses: Choose from either Option A, Option B, or a 12 credit hour combination from Options A and B below.
   
Option A - Choose at least 12 credit hours from the following:
    Econ 305 Principles of Banking
(3)
    Econ 324 Public Finance
(3)
    Econ 330 Business and Economic History
(3)
    Econ 341 Labor Economics and Labor Relations
(3)
    Econ 355 Government Regulation of Business
(3)
    Econ 380 Global Economic Development
(3)
    Econ 395 Special Topics in Economics
(1-3)
    Econ 397* Cooperative Education
(1-4)
    Econ 400 History of Economic Thought
(3)
    Econ 405 Bank Regulation
(3)
    Econ 409 Current Issues in Macroeconomic Policy
(3)
    Econ 411 Empirical Methods in Economics II
(3)
    Econ 414 Managerial Economics
(3)
    Econ 416 Mathematics for Economists
(3)
    Econ 438 International Money and Finance
(3)
    Econ 489 Senior Honors Thesis
(1-8)
    Econ 495* Readings in Economics
(1-3)
    Econ 496* Research in Economics
(1-3)
    Econ 497* Internship
(1-4)
    Econ 575 Adv ST: Health Economics
(3)
   

*
 

No more than 6 credit hours of electives from Econ 397, 495, 496, and 497 may count toward the elective major courses.
   
Option B (Quantitative Option)* - Choose 12 credit hours from the following:
    Econ 411 Empirical Methods in Economics II
(3)
    Econ 416 Mathematics for Economists
(3)
    Math 165 Calculus I
(4)
    Math 166 Calculus II
(4)
    Math 265 Calculus III
(4)
    Math 266 Elementary Differential Equations
(3)
    Math 327 Applied Linear Algebra
(3)
    Math 465 Operations Research
(3)
   

*
 

Students seeking to prepare for graduate school in Economics are advised to choose Option B.


MINOR IN ECONOMICS

Students who are interested in obtaining a basic background in Economics to complement their chosen major course of study may elect a minor in Economics offered through the College of Arts and Sciences.


Required courses (20 credit hours):
    Econ 201 Principles of Microeconomics
(3)
    Econ 202 Principles of Macroeconomics
(3)
    Econ 303 Money and Banking
(3)
    Econ 308 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory
(3)
    Econ 309 Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory & Policy
(3)
    Economics Electives
(5)

Courses

105. Elements of Economics. 3 credits. Survey of Economic principles for students planning no further formal study of Economics. Analysis of factors influencing aggregate levels of output, employment, and prices; introduction to U.S. monetary system; price determination and resource allocation under competitive and monopolistic conditions. Review of selected contemporary economic issues. (No credit if Economics 201-202, Principles of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics, have been completed or audited. Not available to students in the College of Business and Public Administration.) F,S

201. Principles of Microeconomics. 3 credits. Open to freshmen. Pre- or corequisite: Math 103. Nature, method, and scope of Economic analysis: economic scarcity, resources, specialization and division of labor, supply and demand, production and cost, technology, product and resource market structures, distribution of income, and international trade. F,S

202. Principles of Macroeconomics. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 201. Nature, method, and scope of economic analysis: aggregate levels of income and employment, inflation, monetary and fiscal policy, the role of the U.S. economy as part of a world economic system.

206. Survey of Economic Principles: Micro-Macro. 4 credits. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Accelerated course in economic principles intended for students pursuing the MBA graduate degree. This course considers both micro and macro topics. Micro topics include: Economics and Economic Reasoning; The Economic Organization of Society; Supply-Demand Analysis; Elasticity; Individual Choice; Production and Cost Analysis; and Market Structures. Macro topics include: National Income Accounting; Economic Growth, Business Cycles and Inflation; Fiscal Policy; Monetary Economics; Monetary Policy; and the World Economy. On Demand.

210. Introduction to Business and Economic Statistics. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Math 103 or 104, or equivalent. Descriptive statistics; probability distributions; sampling distributions; statistical inference for means and proportions; hypothesis testing; simple regression and correlation; non-parametric statistics. F,S

216. Mathematics and Statistics for MBA Students. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Approval of MBA director. To provide knowledge in mathematics and statistics needed for students in the MBA program. Topics include, among others, linear and quadratic functions, logarithmic and exponential functions, matrix algebra, limits, derivatives, linear and nonlinear programming, descriptive statistics, data collection, sampling, probability, estimation, hypothesis testing, statistical inference, and linear regression. SS

303. Money and Banking. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 201 and 202. Nature of our current Monetary system; functional analysis of commercial bank operations; limits to credit expansion; alternative theories of the value of money; monetary and fiscal policies for control of the business cycle; powers of the Federal Reserve System and the Treasury; mechanics of international payment; balance-of-payments and other problems. F,S

305. Principles of Banking. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 303. This course introduces the students to basic principles of banking governing loans, investments, deposits, liabilities, and capital. Consideration is given to the areas of liquidity, profitability, and capital adequacy as they relate to regulatory standards. Additional topics include bank organization, performance, and scope of services. F

308. Intermediate Microeconomic Theory. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 201 and 202. Theory of demand, production, and cost; price determination under alternative market structures; general equilibrium and economic welfare; analysis of market failure; applications to public policy. (Core requirement for students planning advanced study in Economics.) F

309. Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory and Policy. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 201 and Econ 202. A framework for studying national income, employment, and the general price level is developed. Theoretical perspectives on the National Income and Product accounts, expenditures in the public and private sectors of the economy, and supply and demand for money, labor and other resources are surveyed. Macroeconomic Theory is then applied to a study of monetary, fiscal, incomes, and other policies intended to influence unemployment, inflation, balance of international financial payments, and economic growth. (Core requirement for students planning advanced study in Economics.) S

324. Public Finance. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 201 and Econ 202. Growth and effects of the public sector of the economy emphasizing effects of taxation and spending or borrowing and debt management on efficiency and use of economic resources. F or S

330. Business and Economic History. 3 credits. Prerequisites: Econ 105 or 201 or 202. An analysis of the growth and development of the American economy since its colonial origins. The framework of economic analysis applied to the patterns and trends. Specific topics include industrialization, capital accumulations, financial innovation, technological change, banking, the Great Depression and effects of entrepreneurial and government decisions. F

338. International Economics. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 201 and 202. Economic basis for gain in international trade; capital and population movements; international disequilibrium and the process of balance-of-payments adjustments; tariffs, underdeveloped countries. F,S

341. Labor Economics and Labor Relations. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 201 and 202. A survey of the nature and causes of the economic problems of the American wage and salary earner and of the attempts of wage earners and society, through organizations and legislation, to alleviate these problems. The course comparatively surveys the history and systematic theories of labor movements and the market and institutional influences on wages and employment. Particular emphasis will be placed on the law of industrial relations, employment and income access, and the adjustment of labor disputes. F

355. Government Regulation of Business. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 201 and 202. An exploration of the many ways that federal and state governments regulate business activity. Government regulation falls into three broad areas: economic regulation; social regulation; antitrust laws. The historical development of regulation, from both a legal and economic perspective, will be discussed. Particular attention will be paid to the current trend toward deregulation of previously regulated industries such as airlines, telecommunications, and trucking. F

380. Global Economic Development. 3 credits. Prerequisites: Econ 201 and 202. This course focuses on economic development issues at the global level. It covers both developing countries in the conventional sense and economies in transition from socialism to a market economy. In this context development is broadly defined as the transition from one stage of development to another. Selected topics common among these countries (such as determinants of growth, modernization, technology, price liberalization, privatization, macro stabilization, trade policies, legal structure, organized crime, inequality, poverty, human capital, and global sustainability) are discussed to better understand the forces that shape the wealth and well being of nations and people in the world around us. On demand.

395. Special Topics in Economics. 1-3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 201 and Econ 202. Specific topic will vary from year to year; some years an important development in economic theory, other years, a significant issue in economic policy. On demand.

397. Cooperative Education. 1-4 credits. Repeatable to 6 credits. Prerequisite: Permission of departmental Cooperative Education Coordinator to enroll. A practical work experience with an employer closely associated with the student’s academic area. S-U grading only. F,S

400. History of Economic Thought. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 105 or Econ 201 and 202. Broad overview of the major schools of thought including Mercantilist, Physiocrat, Classical, Marxian, Socialist, Historical, Austrian, Neoclassical, Institutional, Keynesian, and Monetarist. The coverage includes value theory, income/expenditure theory, growth/development theory, scientific method, scope and public policy. S

405. Bank Regulation. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 303. The regulations imposed upon the banking industry are examined at several levels: state, federal, and global. Both the historical development of banking regulation as well as current issues/controversies are discussed. In addition, the banker’s perspective of regulatory compliance is explored. S

409. Current Issues in Macroeconomic Policy. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 303. This course focuses on the conduct of macroeconomic policy, especially as it pertains to the operations and functions of the nation’s financial system. The two basic tools of macroeconomic policy — monetary policy and fiscal policy — are studied from historical, contemporary, and theoretical perspectives. Emphasis is placed on recent developments in the theory and practice of macroeconomic policy; special emphasis is placed on the role of monetary policy as it affects the operations of financial markets and financial institutions. S

410. Empirical Methods in Economics I. 3 credits. Prerequisites: Econ 201, 202 and 210. This course is an introduction to econometrics, the joint area of economics and statistics dealing with the application of statistics to economic problems. The course objectives are to acquire a basic understanding of the theory and methods of econometrics and to gain practical experience in utilizing these methods. The students will use the tools developed in the course in homework and written assignments so that they can develop an insight to theory and its application. F

411. Empirical Methods in Economics II. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 410. A continuation of Econ 410, but with a major emphasis on business and economic forecasting. As with Econ 410, there is a heavy emphasis on solving practical problems of the major types common in the Economics profession. S

414. Managerial Economics. 3 credits. Prerequisites: Econ 210, 308; Math 146 or equivalent; ISys 217 or equivalent. A synthesis relating economic theory, statistics, and mathematics to pricing, output, and resource allocation decisions by business firms. S

416. Mathematics for Economists. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 308 and 309; Math 146 or 165. Study of mathematical methods in the areas of introductory calculus and linear algebra, and their application to economic analysis. Mathematical analysis of static and dynamic equilibrium models, growth models, distribution, production functions, cycles, activity analysis, mathematical programming, and model building. On demand.

420. Economic Education. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 105 or equivalent. Designed for students planning to teach secondary social studies. Curriculum materials and methods of teaching economics; techniques for integrating economics into social studies curriculum. On demand.

438. International Money and Finance. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Econ 303. Identification of key international financial concepts and analysis of their relationships in the international money and capital markets; determination of the balance of payments and exchange rates; and examination of alternative organizations of the international monetary system. F

489. Senior Honors Thesis. 1-8 credits. Repeatable to 9. Prerequisite: Hon 401. Supervised independent study culminating in a thesis. F,S,SS

495. Readings in Economics. 1-3 credits. Extensive reading in the student’s field of specialization; conference arranged with the instructor; written reports to be submitted. F,S,SS

496. Research in Economics. 1-3 credits. Research work and use of original documents; collecting of material and preparing of special topics and bibliographies; familiarizing the student with government publications and other material available for study of economic problems. F,S,SS

497. Internship. 1-4 credits. Prerequisite: Permission of Department Committee on Internships. An internship is designed to provide the student with an opportunity for participating in a supervised work experience directly related to the field of training. Student will work closely with faculty adviser in planning the internship with an approved cooperating institution. S/U grading only. F,S,SS
Office of the Registrar
Twamley Hall Room 201
264 Centennial Drive Stop 8382
Grand Forks, ND  58202-8382
Phone #: (701) 777-2711
Fax #: (701) 777-2696
Email: registrar@mail.und.nodak.edu