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| Clinical Laboratory Science (CLS) |
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Coleman, Paur
(Program Director), Peterson, Porter, Schill
and Sens (Chair)
http://www.med.und.nodak.edu/depts/cls
The University of North Dakota has offered a
degree in clinical laboratory science since 1949.
The Clinical Laboratory Science (CLS) program
is accredited by the National Accrediting Agency
for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS), which
is located at 8410 West Bryn Mawr, Suite 670,
Chicago, IL 60631.
Clinical Laboratory Scientists, sometimes referred
to as Medical Technologists, are key members
of the health care team. They are concerned with
the study and practice of diagnostic medicine
and generate accurate and reliable test results
in chemistry, hematology, immunology, immunohematology
and microbiology. The results provide valuable
information used in the diagnosis and treatment
of disease. Excellent employment opportunities
exist not only in hospitals and clinics, but
also in physician offices, government agencies,
industry, research, the armed forces and health
related facilities. A severe shortage of clinical
laboratory scientists exists and has generated
a large demand for new graduates. In addition
to immediate employment opportunities, many graduates
attend medical school or pursue graduate degrees
in science, management or education.
School of Medicine and Health Sciences
B.S. in Clinical Laboratory Science
The CLS degree includes two years of pre-professional
(freshman and sophomore) education followed by
two years of professional (junior and senior) coursework.
Application for advancement to the professional
education component is made during the second semester
of the sophomore year. Applicants to the professional
program must have a cumulative GPA of a least 2.8
and no more than one D in any math or science course.
Exceptions for acceptance and continuance may be
made by petition to the Department of Pathology
Professional and Academic Standards Committee.
During the second year of the professional curriculum
(senior year), students register for courses in
the summer, fall and spring semesters.
When a student is registered in 300 and 400 level
CLS courses, a specific CLS tuition is assessed.
| Required 130 credits (36 of
which must be numbered 300 or above, and
60 credits of which must be from a four-year
institution) including: |
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I. |
General Education Requirements (see University
GER listing). |
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II. |
Curriculum: |
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Freshman Year |
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FIRST SEMESTER |
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Engl 110 |
College Composition I |
(3) |
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Bio 150 & 150L |
General Biology I and Laboratory |
(4) |
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Chem 121 & 121L |
General Chemistry I and Laboratory |
(4) |
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Math 103 or 104 |
College Algebra or Finite Math |
(3) |
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SECOND SEMESTER |
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Biol 151 |
General Biology II |
(3) |
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Comm 110 |
Fundamentals of Public Speaking |
(3) |
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Chem 122 & 122L |
General Chemistry II and Laboratory |
(4) |
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Engl 120 or 125 |
College Composition II or |
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Technical and Business Writing |
(3) |
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Sophomore Year |
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FIRST SEMESTER |
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MBio 202 |
Introductory Medical Microbiology Lecture |
(3) |
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Anat 204 |
Anatomy for Paramedical Personnel |
(3) |
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CLS 101 |
Orientation to Medical Laboratory Sciences |
(2) |
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Comm 212 |
Interpersonal Communications |
(3) |
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Social
Science |
Introduction
to Psychology (recommended) |
(3) |
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Humanities
Elective |
(World
Culture) |
(3) |
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SECOND SEMESTER |
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Chem 240 & 240L |
Survey of Organic Chemistry and Laboratory |
(5) |
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CLS 234 |
Human Parasitology |
(2) |
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CLS 234L |
Human Parasitology Lab |
(1) |
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CLS 238 |
Computer & Statistical
Applications in CLS |
(2) |
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Social
Science |
Principles
of Microeconomics (recomended |
(3) |
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Humanities
Elective |
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(3) |
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Professional Curriculum Year 1 |
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Junior Year |
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FIRST SEMESTER |
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CLS 301 |
Immunology |
(2) |
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CLS 325 |
Hematology |
(3) |
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CLS 325L |
Hematology Laboratory |
(2) |
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CLS 336 |
Laboratory Calculations |
(1) |
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CLS
393 |
Immunohemotology/Immunology
Laboratory |
(2) |
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PPT
301 |
Human
Physiology |
(4) |
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Humanities
Elective |
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(3) |
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SECOND SEMESTER |
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CLS 380 |
Professional Issues in CLS |
(1) |
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CLS
394 |
Medical
Microbiology |
(2) |
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CLS
399 |
Spec. Topics: Molecular Diagnostics (recommended) |
(2) |
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CLS 399 |
Spec. Topics: Molecular Diag. Lab (recommended) |
(1) |
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BMB 301 |
Biochemistry |
(3) |
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BMB 303 |
Biochemistry Laboratory |
(3) |
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Mgmt 300 |
Prin. of Management |
(3) |
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OR |
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Mgmt 305 |
Managerial Concepts |
(3) |
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Professional Curriculum Year 2 |
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Senior Year |
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SUMMER SESSION |
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CLS 470 |
Clinical Immunohematology I |
(1) |
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CLS 471 |
Clinical Chemistry Theory, Prin., Procedures, |
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& Correlations |
(2) |
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CLS 472 |
Clinical Laboratory I |
(1) |
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CLS 473 |
Clinical Hemostasis |
(2) |
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CLS 474 |
Clinical Microscopy & Urinalysis |
(2) |
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CLS 477 |
Clinical Immunohematology Theory |
(1) |
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CLS
478 |
Clinical
Microbiology Theory & Laboratory |
(2) |
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CLS 482 |
Clinical Hematology I |
(2) |
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FIRST SEMESTER |
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CLS 475 |
Clinical Body Fluides |
(1) |
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CLS 480 |
Clinical Immunohematology II |
(2) |
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CLS 481 |
Clinical Chemistry I |
(3) |
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CLS 483 |
Clinical Laboratory II |
(1) |
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CLS 484 |
Clinical Microbiology I |
(2) |
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CLS 485 |
Clinical Laboratory III |
(1) |
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CLS 486 |
Clinical Immunology |
(1) |
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CLS 487 |
Medical Mycology |
(1) |
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SECOND SEMESTER |
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CLS 490 |
Fin. & Qual. Management
of the Cl. Laboratory |
(3) |
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CLS 491 |
Clinical Chemistry II |
(1) |
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CLS 492 |
Clinical Immunohematology III |
(2) |
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CLS 493 |
Clinical Hematology II |
(3) |
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CLS 495 |
Clinical Microbiology II |
(2) |
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Total Credits |
130 |
4 + 1 Certification Program |
The CLS program offers a 4 + 1 curriculum.
A student is eligible for this program
if they have earned a B.S. or B.A. degree
and have completed the following prerequisite
courses: |
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General Chemistry |
(8) |
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Organic Chemistry |
(3) |
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Biochemistry |
(3) |
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General Biology |
(6) |
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Microbiology |
(3) |
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Anatomy |
(3) |
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Physiology |
(3) |
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CLS 234 Human Parasitology* |
(2) |
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CLS 301 Immunology* |
(2) |
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CLS 325 Hematology* |
(3) |
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CLS 325L Hematology Laboratory** |
(2) |
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* |
Available
online |
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Offered
as an intensive laboratory on campus
in May. |
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Upon successful completion of the prerequisite
coursework, the 4 + 1 student applies
to the second year of the professional
program. The applicant must have a cumulative
GPA of a least 2.8, and no more than
one D in any math or science course.
Exceptions for acceptance and continuance
may be made by petitioning the Department
of Pathology Professional and Academic
Standards Committee. When a student is
registered in 300 and 400 level CLS courses,
a specific CLS tuition is assessed.
Upon successful completion of the
4 + 1 program of study, the student will
earn a B.S. in Clinical Laborary Science
degree from UND and will be eligible to take
a national certification examination and
become a certified Clinical Laboratory Scientist
and/or Medical Technologist.
|
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Professional Curriculum Year 2
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SUMMER SESSION
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CLS 470 |
Clinical Immunohematology I |
(1) |
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CLS 471 |
Clinical Chemistry, Theory, Principles.,
Procedures, |
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& Correlations |
(2) |
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CLS 472 |
Clinical Laboratory I |
(1) |
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CLS 473 |
Clinical Hemostasis |
(2) |
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CLS 474 |
Clinical Microscopy & Urinalysis |
(2) |
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CLS 477 |
Clinical Immunohematology Theory |
(1) |
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CLS 478 |
Clinical Microbiology Theory & Laboratory |
(2) |
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CLS 482 |
Clinical Hematology I |
(2) |
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FIRST SEMESTER
|
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CLS 475 |
Clinical Body Fluids |
(1) |
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CLS 480 |
Clinical Immunohematology II |
(2) |
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CLS 481 |
Clinical Chemistry I |
(3) |
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CLS 483 |
Clinical Laboratory II |
(1) |
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CLS 484 |
Clinical Microbiology I |
(2) |
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CLS 485 |
Clinical Laboratory III |
(1) |
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CLS 486 |
Clinical Immunology |
(1) |
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CLS 487 |
Medical Mycology |
(1) |
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SECOND SEMESTER
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CLS 490 |
Fin. & Qual. Management
of the Cl. Laboratory |
(3) |
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CLS 491 |
Clinical Chemistry II |
(1) |
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CLS 492 |
Clinical Immunohematology III |
(2) |
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CLS 493 |
Clinical Hematology II |
(3) |
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CLS 495 |
Clinical Microbiology II |
(2) |
Articulation Program
Clinical
Laboratory Technician (CLT) or Medical Laboratory
Technician (MLT) graduates are encouraged
to apply to the UND CLS program. A CLT/MLT graduate
will be eligible for the transfer of up to 60
semester credits depending on the curriculum
completed. Transfer credits allow the waiver
of several science courses in the professional
curriculum. The student’s record is evaluated
and a recommendation made to the Registrar regarding
the number of credits to be transferred and the
science courses to be waived. The student may
be eligible for a shortened professional program
based on previous coursework, years of experience
working in a clinical laboratory, and a competency
assessment. A specific outline for the number
of credits that will transfer has been incorporated
into articulation agreements with numerous regional
technical and community colleges. Contact the
CLS program for additional information.
When a student is registered in 300 and 400 level
CLS courses, a specific CLS tuition is assessed.
Western College Alliance for Clinical Laboratory
Science (WCACLS) Education
The Clinical Laboratory Science program is affiliated
with Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN; Jamestown
College, Jamestown, ND; Minot State University,
Minot, ND; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT;
University of Mary, Bismarck, ND; and the University
of Montana, Missoula, MT. The program of study
for the first three years at these colleges is
aligned with the UND CLS program. Students from
these institutions apply to the UND CLS program
for their final year of study. Upon completion
they receive a certificate from the University
of North Dakota verifying completion of 12 months
of clinical training in the UND NAACLS accredited
program. They are then eligible for a degree in
Clinical Laboratory Science or a related major
from their respective institution.
B.S. Degree, 4+1 Certificate, and WCACLS Students
(Professional Curriculum Year 2)
The Clinical Laboratory Science program is affiliated
with Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN; Jamestown
College, Jamestown, ND; Minot State University,
Minot, ND; Montana State University, Billings and
Bozeman, MT; South Dakota State University, Brookings,
SD; University of Mary, Bismarck, ND; University
of Montana, Missoula, MT; University of South Dakota,
Vermillion, SD; University of Wisconsin-La Crosse;
and Winona State University, Winona, MN. The program
of study for the first three years at these colleges
is aligned with the UND CLS program. Students from
these institutions apply to the UND CLS program
for their final year of study. Upon completion
they receive a certificate from the University
of North Dakota verifying completion of 12 months
of clinical training in the UND NAACLS accredited
program. They are then eligible for a degree in
Clinical Laboratory Science or a related major
from their respective institution and eligible
to complete a national certification exam.
B.S. Degree, 4+1, and WCACLS Students
(Professional Curriculum Year 2)
A summer practicum experience on the UND campus
in Grand Forks, ND is required, followed by approximately
seven months in a clinical laboratory of a medical
center. There are special requirements prior to
contact with patients and testing of patient specimens.
A background check and specific antibody titers
are required by all clinical affiliates prior to
work with patients. Students are responsible for
additional costs that include: travel, housing,
food, and summer lab course fees during the second
year of the professional curriculum.
The program has clinical affiliation agreements
with over 40 medical centers in North Dakota, Minnesota,
Montana, Colo- rado and Oregon for the clinical
experience. A complete list and description of
the current clinical sites is available at http://medicine.nodak.edu/cls.
The CLS program reserves the right to place on
probation or to cancel the registration of any
student whose performance in the classroom or clinical
experience is unsatisfactory.
Program accommodations for qualified handicapped
persons will be reviewed upon notification of a
prospective student’s needs and limitations.
CLS Categorical Training (Certificate) Program
The CLS Categorical Training (Certificate) program
provides advanced skills to baccalaureate prepared
students to become eligible to work in a high complexity
clinical laboratory and meet the requirements to
take a national certification examination in a
specific categorical area.
The requirements for entrance include a baccalaureate
degree from an accredited college or university
and completion of 36 semester hours in biology,
chemistry and/or medical sciences (in addition
to or part of the baccalaureate degree). It includes
four “category” choices: Immunohematology,
Chemistry/Urinalysis, Microbiology, or Hematology.
The curriculum includes both an academic and a
clinical component. When a student is registered
in 300 and 400 level CLS courses, a specific CLS
tuition is assessed. The curriculum for each categorical
is as follows:
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CLINICAL
CHEMISTRY/URINALYSIS |
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CLS 336 |
Laboratory Calculations |
1 |
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CLS 460 |
Laboratory Practice Theory |
4 |
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CLS 461 |
Laboratory Practice Application |
1 |
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CLS 471 |
Clinical Chemistry Theory, Principles, |
|
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Procedures & Correl |
2 |
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CLS 474 |
Clinical Microscopy and Urinalysis |
2 |
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CLS 475 |
Clinical Body Fluids |
1 |
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CLS 481 |
Clinical Chemistry I |
3 |
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CLS 485 |
Clinical Laboratory II |
1 |
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CLS 491 |
Clinical Chemistry III |
2 |
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Total
Categorical Credits |
17* |
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HEMATOLOGY/HEMOSTASIS |
|
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CLS 325 |
Hematology |
3 |
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CLS 325L |
Hematology Laboratory |
2 |
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CLS 336 |
Laboratory Calculations |
1 |
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CLS 460 |
Laboratory Practice Theory |
4 |
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CLS 461 |
Laboratory Practice Application |
1 |
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CLS 473 |
Clinical Hemostasis |
2 |
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CLS 482 |
Clinical Hematology I |
2 |
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CLS 493 |
Clinical Hematology II |
3 |
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Total
Categorical Credits |
18* |
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IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY |
|
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CLS 301 |
Immunology |
2 |
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CLS 336 |
Laboratory Calculations |
1 |
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CLS 460 |
Laboratory Practice Theory |
4 |
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CLS 461 |
Laboratory Practice Application |
1 |
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CLS 393 |
Immunoehmatology/Immunology Lab |
2 |
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CLS 470 |
Clinical Immunohematology I |
1 |
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CLS 477 |
Clinical Immunohematology Theory |
1 |
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CLS 480 |
Clinical Immunohematology II |
2 |
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CLS 492 |
Clinical Immunohematology III |
2 |
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Total
Categorical Credits |
16* |
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MICROBIOLOGY |
|
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CLS 234 |
Parasitology |
2 |
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CLS 336 |
Laboratory Calculations |
1 |
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CLS 394 |
Medical Microbiology (recommended |
2 |
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CLS 460 |
Laboratory Practice Theory |
4 |
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CLS 461 |
Laboratory Practice Application |
1 |
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CLS 478 |
Medical Microbiology Theory and Laboratory |
2 |
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CLS 484 |
Clinical Immunohematology II |
2 |
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CLS 487 |
Clinical Mycology |
2 |
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CLS 495 |
Clinical Microbiology |
2 |
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TOTAL |
16* |
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* Eligible
for Categorical National Certification
Exam |
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Online
Courses
There are many courses offered by the CLS program
through online or distance learning. The primary
method of distance learning course delivery is
WEB based. Students participating in online coursework
are required to have Internet access. Specific
computer requirements are available from the
CLS program.
Graduate Level Programs
A Master of Science (M.S.) degree with a major
in CLS and a certificate program in CLS Management
is available. The graduate level programs are described
in the graduate section of this catalog and at
http://www.medicine.nodak.edu/cls.
Courses
The Clinical Laboratory Science program is part
of the Division of Medical Laboratory Sciences
in the Department of Pathology. The Clinical Laboratory
Science (CLS) courses that are offered are listed
below.
101.
Orientation to Medical Laboratory Sciences. 2 credits. Introduction to the role,
ethics, conduct, certification, education, employment,
and fundamental knowledge and skills related to
medical laboratory science. F
234. Human Parasitology. 2 credits. Physiological
aspects of human parasites, their symbiotic host
parasite relationships and clinical diagnostic
techniques. S
234L. Human Parsitology Laboratory. 1 credit.
Laboratory methods for the identification and diagnosis
of human parasites. S
238. Computer and Statistical Application
in Clinical Laboratory Science. 2 credits. Clinical
applications of modern information systems, terminology,
word processing, data base, spread sheet and statistical
analysis including normal and binomial distribution,
t-tests, chi square tests, analysis of variance,
linear regression and correlation. S
301. Immunology. 2 credits. Principles of clinical
immunology focusing on the cellular and molecular
nature of antigens and immunoglobulin, the immune
response, immunogenetics, and immune mediated disease.
S
325. Hematology. 3 credits. Identification
of normal and abnormal blood cells in various hematological
disorders. Theory and application of hematology
procedures. Theory and mechanisms of hemostasis.
F
325L. Hematology Laboratory. 2 credits. Corequisite:
CLS 325. Morphologic examination of blood and bone
marrow and laboratory testing used in hematological
study. F
336. Laboratory Calculations. 1 credit. Calculations
used in the clinical laboratory including measurement
systems, dilutions, graphing, solution chemistry,
statistics of quality control and research interpretation.
F
360. Histopathology Laboratory Theory. 3 credits.
This course presents an overview of standard histopathology
laboratory calculations, safety, quality assurance,
information management, laboratory education, instrumentation,
and proper specimen collection and handling.
361. Histology Laboratory Technique. 1 credit.
Techniques and practice in use of general laboratory
equipment, reagents and procedures utilized in
histology.
362. Histotechniques I. 3 credits. This course
is the introduction to the fundamental techniques,
including fixation, processing, instrumentation,
and solution preparation. Cytoplasmic, nuclear,
carbohydrate, and amyloid staining will be presented.
363. Histotechniques II. 3 credits. This course
is the continuation of the fundamental techniques
of histology including muscle and connective tissue,
nerves, microorganisms, pigment, minerals, Cytoplasmic
granules, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme histochemistry.
367. Histology Practicum I. 3 credits. Communication
skills, attitude and work performance will be evaluated.
The skills involved will emphasize the fundamental
techniques including fixation, specimen processing,
instrumentation, sectioning and staining with emphasis
on the Hematoxylin and Eosin stain.
368. Histology Practicum II. 3 credits. Individual
assignments in an accredited histology lab. Emphasis
on refining skills learned in Histology Practicum
I, staining procedures and tissue identification.
380. Professional Issues in Clinical Laboratory
Science. 1 credit. Discussion of CLS professional
issues, ethics, current topics of healthcare delivery,
governmental regulations, societal concerns, cultural
diversity, disease prevention, research and environment.
SS
393. Immunohematology/Immunology Laboratory.
2 credits. Corequisite: CLS 301. Theory and practical
application of laboratory investigations of immunology
serology, and immunohematology. S
394. Medical Microbiology. 2 credits. Medically
important microorganisms are identified using a
wide variety of clinical techniques. Included in
the discussion will be susceptibility studies and
the correlation of the presence of microorganisms
to health and disease. S
399. Special Topics in Clinical Laboratory
Science. 1-13 credits. Lecture, discussion, and
readings on topics of current interest in the clinical
laboratory sciences. F, S, SS
430. Clinical Practicum I. 13 credits. Applied
theory and practice at the clinical affiliate.
F
440. Clinical Practicum II. 12 credits. Techniques
and practice in the clinical affiliate. S
460. Laboratory Practice Theory. 4 credits. This
course represents an overview of standard laboratory
practices including safety, management of service
and quality, information management and laboratory
education, instrumentation and equipment, research
and specimen collection and handling. F,S,SS
461. Laboratory Practice Application. 1 credit.
Techniques and practice in use of general laboratory
equipment, reagents and procedures. F,S,SS
470. Clinical Immunohematology I. 1 credit.
Practical application of modern transfusion techniques,
component therapy, and quality assurance. SS
471. Clinical Chemistry Theory, Principles,
Procedures, and Correlations. 2 credits. Theories and principles
of clinical chemistry procedures are discussed
as well as how the results of these procedures
correlate to health and disease. SS
472. Clinical Laboratory I. 1 credit. Theory
and practice of phlebotomy in the clinical setting,
specimen processing, review of state and federal
regulations, safety and biohazard compliance, interpersonal
relationship skills. SS
473. Clinical Hemostasis. 2 credits. Physiologic
mechanisms of normal human hemostasis as well as
hereditary and acquired defects. Laboratory techniques
performed and discussed are screening tests and
specific assays for abnormalities, procedures to
monitor therapeutic measures and practice and maintenance
of current instrumentation. SS
474. Clinical Microscopy & Urinalysis.
2 credits. Theory, techniques and practice of microscopy
and urinalysis with emphasis on identification
of elements in the sediment. SS
475. Clinical Body Fluids. 1 credit. Overview
of the theory and practice in manual procedures
of human body fluids. The body fluids to be discussed
include: spinal, synovial and amniotic fluid, transudates
and exudates, fecal specimens, gastric, sweat,
and other body fluid secretions. F
477. Clinical Immunohematology Theory. 1 credit.
Theory of modern transfusion techniques, component
therapy, and quality assurance. SS
478. Clinical Microbiology Theory and Laboratory. 2 credits. Groups of medically important bacteria
are studied and correlated to laboratory practice
in identification. Included in the discussions
are antibiotic susceptibility testing, quality
control, and methods of identification including
rapid, automated, and traditional methods. SS
480. Clinical Immunohematology II. 2 credits.
Applied theory and modern transfusion at the clinical
affiliate. Annually.
481. Clinical Chemistry I. 3 credits. Applied
theory and practice in clinical chemistry at the
clinical affiliate. F
482. Clinical Hematology I. 2 credits. Emphasis on interpretive correlation
of hematology findings and pathophysiology. Topics
of current interest and advances in hematology.
SS
483. Clinical Laboratory II. 1 credit. Techniques
and practice in routine phlebotomy at the clinical
affiliate. Annually.
484. Clinical Microbiology I. 2 credits. Applied
theory and practice in clinical microbiology at
the clinical affiliate. F
485. Clinical Laboratory III. 1 credit. Observation,
practice, or research in specialized areas or settings
at the clinical affiliate. F
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