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Biology (Biol)
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Carmichael, Crossley, Darland, Goodwin, Kelsch, Kupchella, La Duke, Meberg, Mehl, Newman, Potvin, Pyle, Ralph, Rhen, Schlosser (Chair), Sheridan, Simmons, Sweitzer, Tkach and Vaughan

The Department of Biology offers a B.S. in Biology, B.S. in Biology with Pre-Health Science Emphasis, and a B.S. in Fisheries and Wildlife Biology. In addition, there are three options associated with the B.S. in Biology degree: General Biology; Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Specific department requirements for the degrees and options are listed below.

FACILITIES


The Department of Biology is housed in Starcher Hall. In addition to classrooms, three computer laboratories and other specialized teaching laboratories, the building houses a herbarium, three greenhouses, environmental chambers, animal rooms for terrestrial and aquatic organisms, observation rooms, vertebrate and invertebrate museums, a darkroom, and isotope and tissue culture facilities. The Department also maintains two natural areas (virgin prairie and wooded stream valley) and a biology core molecular facility for teaching and research.

INDEPENDENT STUDY


Well qualified majors are urged to participate in independent studies, honors work, or undergraduate research. Normally, studies of this nature are initiated by invitation from a faculty member. Students selected for these programs usually carry out their studies in the research laboratories of the individual professors. Research apprenticeships or assistantships financed by private foundation support or faculty research grants may be available for part-time employment. The department participates in the University Honors Program through certain interdisciplinary colloquia, by honors credit in advanced courses, and by independent studies and tutorials in advanced topics.

College of Arts and Sciences

B.S. WITH MAJOR IN BIOLOGY

Required 125 credits (36 of which must be numbered 300 or above, and 60 of which must be from a 4-year institution) including:
  I.
General Education Requirements (See University GER listing. Minimum 39 total credits.) The following courses must be taken as part of the General Education Requirement:
    English 110 College Composition I
(3)


Comm 110
Fundamentals of Public Speaking
(3)
 
II.

43 major hours including:
    A. Core requirements for all options (23 hours):
    Biol 150 & Biol 151 General Biology I & II
(6)
    Biol 150L & 151L General Biology Lab I & II
(2)
    Biol 312 Evolution
(3)
    Biol 315 Genetics
(3)
    Biol 332 Ecology
(3)
    Biol 341 Cell Biology
(3)
    Biol 480 Senior Capstone Semminar **
(3)
      TOTAL
(23)
 

*Students who take Biol 111 and Biol 111L (Concepts of Biology and Lab) prior to becoming a Biology major are required to take Biol 150 and Biol 150L to complete the General Biology sequence.
    **Appropriate Senior Honors Thesis (Biol 489) credits can be substituted for Biol 480 if approved by both the Biology faculty adviser and the Biology Department Chairperson.
   
    We strongly advise mastery of materials in all core courses except Biol 480 prior to enrolling in other 300 or 400 level Biology courses.

No more than one Biology course intended for non-majors (all University of North Dakota 200 level Biology courses) will count toward the 43 hour major.

Up to two life-sciences related courses from other departments at the University of North Dakota may be counted toward the 43 hour major, provided they do not overlap extensively with subject matter included in Biology Department courses also being used for credit.

At least four upper division Biology courses with laboratories must be included in the 43 hour major. Two upper division life sciences-related laboratory courses from other departments at the University of North Dakota may be counted toward the four course upper division laboratory requirement, provided they do not overlap extensively with subject matter in Biology Department courses also being used for credit.
    A Biol 494 Directed Studies or Biol 492 Research Experience may be counted as one upper division laboratory requirement with appropriate documentation of the laboratory experience and approval by the supervising faculty member, the faculty adviser, and the Biology Department Chairperson.

Students may include no more than 10 combined credit hours from Biol 494 (Directed Studies), Biol 492 (Research), and Biol 489 (Senior Honors) towards the total 43 credit hours required for this Biology major.
    B. Advanced requirements for each option (minimum 20 credit hours required)
    Option 1. General Biology
    This program is designed for students interested in obtaining a broad background in biology, with maximum flexibility in program design. Students should consult with their adviser to develop an appropriate course of study.
    1. Advanced requirements (20 credit hours of Biology electives)
    All other 300 or 400 level Biology courses will count toward the 20 elective
credit hours needed.
    Option 2. Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
    This program is designed for students interested in the cellular and sub-cellular mechanisms underlying biological phenomena. It is especially appropriate for students anticipating a career in biotechnology or biomedical research. These courses will provide a foundation for students planning to continue their studies in graduate or professional programs, or students wanting to pursue technical positions in life science research or pharmaceutical companies. Students should consult with their adviser to develop an appropriate course of study.
    Advanced requirements (minimum 20 credit hours):
    1. Required courses (8 credit hours):
    Biol 341L Cell Biology Lab
(1)
    Biol 410 Molecular Biology Techniques
(4)
    Biol 378 Developmental Biology
(3)
   
2. Option courses (minimum 5 credit hours from the list below):
    Biol 315R Genetics Recitation
(1)
    Biol 367 Cytology
(3)
    Biol 369 Histology
(2)
    Biol 369L Histology Lab
(2)
    Biol 450 Molecular Genetics
(2)
    MBio 302 General Microbiology
(2)
    BMB 401 Biochemistry of Proteins
(3)
       
   
3. Biology electives (7 additional credit hours)
   
All 300 or 400 level Biology courses, including any of those not taken from the groups above, will count toward the elective credit hours needed.

    Option 3. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology  
   
This program is designed for students interested in ecology, evolutionary biology, and related areas. Students will explore animal behavior, biodiversity, evolutionary history and interactions of organisms and their environments. The coursework outlined here will familiarize students with the conceptual framework of ecology and evolutionary biology and provide necessary analytical skills and familiarity with the major groups of living organisms. The program will help prepare students for careers in ecological, evolutionary and related fields, including those in conservation, the environment, and graduate study. Students should consult with their adviser to develop an appropriate course of study.

    Advanced requirements (minimum 20 credit hours):  
    1. Required courses (4-5 credit hours):  
    Biol 332L Ecology Lab
(1)
    Biol 376 Animal Biology & Biol 376L Animal Biology Lab
(4)
   
or
 
    Biol 350 Plant Biology
(3)
    2. Option courses (minimum 5 credit hours from the list below):
    Biol 333 Population Biology
(3)
    Biol 338 Animal Behavior
(2)
    Biol 433 Aquatic Ecology
(3)
    Biol 439 Conservation Biology
(3)
    3. Biology electives (minimum 8 additional credit hours)  
    All 300 or 400 level Biology courses, including any of those not taken from the groups above, will count toward the elective credit hours needed.  
    Although not required, all students in the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology emphasis are strongly encouraged to take both plant (Biol 350) and animal (Biol 376) biology.  
    Depending on the student’s area of interest, any, or several of the following courses that were not already identified are potentially recommended: Biol 336 (Systematic Botany), Biol 363 (Entomology), Biol 364, 364L (Parasitology and lab), Biol 425 (Ichthyology), Biol 427 (Ornithology), Biol 428 (Mammalogy).  
    Biol 410 (Molecular Techniques) is strongly recommended as one elective course for students interested in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.  
    4. Physical Sciences requirement (3-4 credit hours taken from the list below):  
    Geog134, 134L Introduction to Global Climate and Lab
(4)
    Geog 471, 471L Cartography and Computer Assisted Mapping & lab
(3)
    Geog 474 Introduction to GIS
(3)
    Geol 101, 101L Introduction to Geology and Lab
(4)
    Geol 102, 102L The Earth Through Time and Lab
(4)
     
  III. Cognate requirements in other departments for all three options (30-33 credit hours):
    A. Mathematics (3-4 credit hours):    
    Math 146 Applied Calculus  
(3)
   
or
   
    Math 166 Calculus II  
(4)
    Pre-requisites for either course are the responsibility of the student.
    B. Chemistry (16-18 credit hours):  
    Chem 121/121L General Chemistry I & Lab  
(4)
    Chem 122/122L General Chemistry II & Lab  
(4)
    Chem 240 and BMB 301 Survey of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry Lecture
(8)
   
or
   
    Chem 341, 341L, 342, 342L Organic Chemistry I and II with labs  
(10)
    C. Physical sciences (8 credit hours) :  
    Phys 211/212 College Physics I and II  
(8)
   
or
   
    Phys 251/252 University Physics I and II  
(8)
    D. Other - Statistical Methods and Data Interpretation (3 credit hours from the list below):
    Biol 470 Biometry  
(3)
    Soc 326 Sociological Research Methods  
(3)
    Math 321 Applied Statistical Methods  
(3)
   
Note: Biol 470 (Biometry) is required in the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology option.

Teacher Certification
Students seeking secondary teacher certification in Biology must complete the Department of Teaching and Learning requirements in Secondary Education (see Secondary Education listing).

These students must complete the B.S. with Major in Biology or the B.S. with Major in Biology (Pre-Health Sciences Emphasis) or the B.S. in Fisheries and Wildlife Biology and include the following three courses:
    Biol 312 Evolution
(3)
    Biol 336 Systematic Botany
(4)
    MBio 302 General Microbiology
(4)
         
    These students must also complete at least four credit hours of earth science from the following:
    Geol 101, 101L Physical Geology with lab
(4)
    Geog 121, 121L Physical Geography with lab
(4)
    Geog 134, 134L Introduction to Global Climate with lab
(4)
Other choices of courses in Biology should be made with the aid of a Biology adviser. Among the other requirements for the major, students seeking teacher certification must complete the Chem 240 Organic Chemistry (5) and BMB Biochemistry Lecture (3) option. Formal admission to Teacher Education is required and is normally sought while enrolled in T&L 325 (see Department of Teaching and Learning listing). Biology majors seeking secondary certification must have an adviser both in the Biology Department and in the Department of Teaching and Learning.

B.S. WITH MAJOR IN BIOLOGY (Pre-Health Sciences Emphasis)
This program is designed for students interested in medicine or allied medical fields such as dentistry, veterinary medicine, or medical research. Pre-health students should consult with their Biology adviser and the pre-health adviser in the College of Arts and Sciences to develop an appropriate course of study.

Required 125 credits (36 of which must be numbered 300 or above, and 60 of which must be from a 4-year institution, including:
 
I.

General Education Requirements (see University GER listing. Minimum 39 total credits). The following courses must be taken as part of the General Education Requirement:
    Engl 110 College Composition I  
(3)
    Comm 110 Fundamentals of Public Speaking  
(3)
 
II.

43 major hours including:
   

A.

Core Requirements (23 credit hours; all courses below):
Biol 150 & 151 General Biology I & II
(6)
Biol 150L & 151L General Biology I & II Laboratory
(2)
Biol 312 Evolution
(3)
Biol 315 Genetics
(3)
Biol 332 Ecology
(3)
Biol 341 Cell Biology
(3)
Biol 480 Senior Capstone Seminar**
(3)
TOTAL
(23)

    *Students who take Biol 111 and Biol 111L (Concepts of Biology and Lab) prior to becoming a Biology major are required to take Biol 150 and Biol 150L to complete the General Biology sequence.
    **Appropriate Senior Honors Thesis (Biol 489) credits can be substituted for Biol 480 if approved by both the Biology faculty adviser and the Biology Department Chairperson.
    We strongly advise mastery of materials in all core courses except Biol 480 prior to enrolling in other 300 or 400 level Biology courses.
    No more than one Biology course intended for non-majors (all University of North Dakota 200 level Biology courses) will count toward the 43 hour major.
    Up to two life-sciences related courses from other departments at the University of North Dakota may be counted toward the 43 hour major, provided they do not overlap extensively with subject matter included in Biology Department courses also being used for credit.
    At least four upper division Biology courses with laboratories must be included in the 43 hour major. Two upper division life sciences-related laboratory course from other departments at the University of North Dakota may be counted toward the four course upper division laboratory requirement, provided they do not overlap extensively with subject matter in Biology Department courses also being used for credit.
    A Biol 494 Directed Studies or Biol 492 Research Experience may be counted as one upper division laboratory requirement with appropriate documentation of the laboratory experience and approval by the supervising faculty member, the faculty adviser, and the Biology Department Chairperson.
    Students may include no more than 10 combined credit hours from Biol 494 (Directed Studies), Biol 492 (Research), and Biol 489 (Senior Honors) towards the total 43 credit hours required for this Biology Major.
   

B.

Advanced requirements (minimum 20 credit hours):
Upper-level courses (minimum 12 credit hours taken from the list below):  
Biol 341L Cell Biology Lab
 (1)
Biol 364 Parasitology
(2)
Biol 364L Parasitology Lab
(2)
Biol 367 Cytology
(3)
Biol 369 Histology
(2)
Biol 369L Histology Lab
(2)
Biol 420 Neuroscience
(3)
Biol 442 Physiology of Organs and Systems
(3)
Biol 442L Physiology of Organs and Systems Lab
(1)
MBIO 328 Introduction to Immunology
(3)
Biol 376 Animal Biology
(3)
Biol 376L Animal Biology Lab
(1)
Biol 378 Developmental Biology
(3)
1.
 

  2. Biology electives (8 additional credit hours)    
    All 300 or 400 level Biology courses, including any of those not taken from the group above, will count toward the elective credit hours needed.
III. Cognate requirements in other departments (30-33 credit hours):
  A. Mathematics (3-4 credit hours)
 
    Math 146 Applied Calculus
(3)
 
   
or
 
 
    Math 166 Calculus II
(4)
 
  Pre-requisites for either course are the responsibility of the student.  
  B. Chemistry (16-18 credit hours):
 
  Chem 121/121L General Chemistry I & Lab
(4)
 
  Chem 122/122L General Chemistry II & Lab
(4)
 
  Chem 240/BMB 301 Survey of Organic Chemistry &Biochemistry Lecture
(8)
 
   
or
 
 
  Chem 341/341L Organic Chemistry I and II with labs
(10)
 
  Note: the sequence of Chem 341 and Chem 342 AND BMB 301 is highly recommended for pre-medicine students because some medical schools require or prefer this combination.
  C. Physical sciences (8 credit hours) :
 
  Phys 211/212 College Physics I and II
(8)
 
   
or
 
 
  Phys 251/252 University Physics I and II
(8)
 
  D. Other - Statistical Methods and Data Interpretation (3 credit hours from the list below):
  Biol 470 Biometry
(3)
 
  Soc 326 Sociological Research Methods
(3)
 
  Math 321 Applied Statistical Methods
(3)
 

B.S. IN FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE BIOLOGY
The department offers a four-year program leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Fisheries and Wildlife Biology. Students completing this program are qualified to obtain positions with state, federal and private fisheries and wildlife organizations.

Required 125 credits (36 of which must be numbered 300 or above, and 60 of which must be from a 4-year institution including:
 
I.

General Education Requirements (see University GER listing).
 
II.

The Following Curriculum:
   
52-54 major hours, including:
    Biol 150, 151 General Biology I & II  
(6)
    Biol 150L, 151L General Biology I & II Lab  
(2)
    Biol 315 Genetics  
(3)
    Biol 332, 332L General Ecology and Lab  
(4)
    Biol 338 Animal Behavior  
(2)
    Biol 431 Wildlife Management  
(4)
    Biol 438 Fisheries Management  
(3)
    Biol 442 Physiology of Organs and Systems  
(4)
    Biol 470 Biometry  
(3)
   
2 hours from:

(2)
    Biol 338L Animal Behavior Lab
(2)
    Biol 371 Anatomy and Adaptations Lab
(2)
   
3 hours from:
 

(3)
    Biol 312 Evolution
(3)
    Biol 333 Population Biology
(3)
    Biol 370 Vertebrate Zoology
(3)
   
4 hours from:
 

(4)
    Biol 363 Entomology
(4)
    Biol 364, 364L Parasitology and Lab
(4)
   
3 hours from:
 

(3)
    BMB 301 Biochemistry Lecture
(3)
    Biol 341 Cell Biology
(3)
   
4 hours from:
 

(4)
    Biol 336 Systematic Botany
(4)
   
FISHERIES OR WILDLIFE OPTION

(6)
    Fisheries Option: 
         Biol 425      Ichthyology
(3)
         Biol 433      Aquatic Ecology
(3)
    Wildlife Option:  
         Biol 427      Ornithology
(3)
         Biol 428      Mammalogy
(3)
   
Biological Station or Field Work 
(No Credit)
   
One summer of field experience or study at a recognized biological station is required.
 
III.

Required in other departments:
    Chem 121/121L General Chemistry I and Lab
(4)
    Chem 122/122L General Chemistry II and Lab
(4)
    Chem 240/240L Organic Chemistry
(5)
    Comm 110 Fundamentals of Public Speaking
(3)
   
4 hours from:

(4)
   
Geol101/101L
     Introduction to Geology
(4)
         Phys 211      College Physics I
(4)
    
3-4 hours of math from either Math 146 (Applied Calculus) or Math 166 (Calculus II). The prerequisites for each of these courses are the responsibility of the student.

MINOR IN BIOLOGY
Required 20 hours, including:
    Biol 150, 151 General Biology I & II
(6)
    Biol 150L, 151L General Biology I & II Lab
(2)
    Biol 315 Genetics
(3)
   
or
 
    Biol 341 Cell Biology
(3)
   
AND
 
    Biol 312 Evolution
(3)
   
or
 
    Biol 332 Ecology
(3)
    Electives  
(6)
    All other 300 or 400 level biology courses, including those listed above that have not already been taken to meet the minor requirements, will count toward the 20 hour minor.
    No more than one UND life science course from outside the Biology Department may be counted toward completion of the minor.

Courses

Note: all biology courses that count as upper-division labs are marked with asterisk*.

111. Concepts of Biology. 3 credits. Intended for non-science majors seeking general knowledge and cultural appreciation of contemporary biology. Does not serve as a prerequisite for 150 or any other biology course. Students may not normally receive credit for both 111 and 150-151. F, S

111L. Concepts of Biology Laboratory.
1 credit. Prerequisite or co-requisite: Biol 111. A basic biology laboratory to complement Biol 111. F, S

124. Environmental Science. 2 credits. A study of the effect of human activity upon the environment in which we live. F

150, 151. General Biology I & II. 6 credits. Basic concepts of biology with emphasis on life’s diversity, processes, and man’s place in nature. Broadly designed to satisfy the needs of those pursuing biological and preprofessional curricula. F, S

150L, 151L. Introduction to Biology Laboratory.
2 credits. Prerequisite or co-requisite: Biol 150, 151. A contemporary biology laboratory to complement Biol 150, 151.
240. Wildlife Conservation. 2 credits. Basic principles and philosophies of wildlife conservation in North America. F

Advanced Courses

Biology 150, 150L, 151 and 151L or equivalent are prerequisites for all 300 and 400 level courses listed below.

312. Evolution. 3 credits. A study of the processes that have led from the origin of life to the diverse patterns and forms of life observable today. S

315. Genetics. 3 credits. An introduction to genetics, with emphasis on classical genetic analysis and the biochemistry of gene transmission, expression and regulation. F

315R. Genetics Recitation. 1 credit. Prerequisites: Biol 150, 150L, 151 and 151L. Corequisite: Biol 315. A recitation to aid students enrolled in Biol 315: Genetics. The class is designed to review both “big idea” concepts from lecture as well as to work through genetics problems. F

332. General Ecology.
3 credits. An introduction to ecology. Covers the relationship of individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems to their biotic and abiotic environments. F

332L.* General Ecology Laboratory.
1 credit. Prerequisite or co-requisite: Biol 332. Field projects and laboratory exercises to complement Biol 332. F

333. Population Biology. 3 credits. Principles of population genetics, population ecology, and evolution in plants and animals. S

336.* Systematic Botany.
4 credits. Structure and classification of vascular plants with emphasis on field studies. F

338. Animal Behavior. 2 credits. Studies in animal social behavior. The influences of environmental factors on behavior is emphasized. S

338L.* Animal Behavior Laboratory. 2 credits. Prerequisite or co-requisite: Biol 338. Laboratory studies of animal behavior including a student research project using live animals. S

341. Cell Biology. 3 credits. Prerequisite or Corequisite: Chem 122. Description of processes common to life at the cellular level including: biochemical and structural organization, membrane function, motility, signal transduction, growth, division and genetic regulation of the cell. S

341L.* Cell Biology Laboratory. 1 credit. Prerequisite or co-requisite: Biol 341, Chem 121 and 122. Recommended: Organic Chemistry. Laboratory investigation utilizing techniques to study life at the cellular level including chemical composition and characterization, enzyme kinetics, metabolism and microscopy. S

350. Plant Biology. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Biol 150/151 or permission of instructor. Structure and function of plants at the cellular, tissue, and whole plant levels. Topics also include ecological adaptations and plant-derived products. S/2

363.* Entomology. 4 credits. Structure, functions, life history, classification, habits and distribution of insects. F

364. Parasitology. 2 credits. Classification, structure, functions, and life-cycles of parasites having importance to human, wildlife and veterinary health. F

364L.* Parasitology Laboratory. 2 credits. Prerequisite or co-requisite: Biol364. A basic parasitology laboratory to complement Biol 364. F

367. Cytology. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Biol 315. A study of the structure and organization of the cell with a special emphasis on the genetic regulation of the cell division cycle, the genetic basis of cancer, and the role of the genes in the immune system. F

369. Histology. 2 credits. Microscopical anatomy of vertebrate tissues and organs, with emphasis on man and other mammals. S

369L.* Histology Laboratory. 2 credits. Prerequisite or co-requisite: Biol 369. A basic histology laboratory to complement Biol 369. S

370. Vertebrate Zoology. 3 credits. Vertebrate evolution and natural history stressing the relationships of anatomy, ecology, physiology and behavior to one another. F

371.* Anatomy and Adaptions Laboratory. 2 credits. Prerequisite or co-requisite: Biology 370. Dissections of representatives of various vertebrate classes; examination of morphological adaptations. F

376. Animal Biology.
3 credits. Prerequisites: Biol 150 and 151. Evolution, morpho-anatomy, development, reproduction and other aspects of the natural history of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. S

376L. Animal Biology Laboratory. 1 credit. Prerequisites: Biol 150, 150L, 151 and 151L. Corequisite: Biol 376. Observation of live or fixed animals belonging to various invertebrate and vertebrate groups with emphasis on their adaptations to environment/life styles. Laboratory projects will include some of the classical and modern techniques used in systematic studies. S

378. Developmental Biology. 3 credits. Prerequisites: Biol 150, 151, 150L, 151L, 315 and 341. An overview of general stages and mechanisms of development, experimental approaches used to study developmental processes, and genetic and environmental influences that govern development. F

397. Cooperative Education. 1-8 credits, repeatable to 24 credits. Prerequisites: Sophomore standing and approval of the department chair and acceptance by a supervisory faculty member. A practical work experience with an employer under the direction of a supervisory faculty member. A written final report will be required and will be used as a basis for evaluation. S/U grading only. F,S,SS

410. *Molecular Biology Techniques.
4 credits. Applications of DNA and RNA analysis and recombinant DNA technologies, emphasizing practical experience in the laboratory. This class will meet twice a week for 50 minutes in the classroom, and students will be expected to work approximately 4-6 hours a week in the lab during open lab times. F

420. Neuroscience. 3 credits. Prerequisites: Biol 150/150L and junior standing. A course covering fundamental areas of neuroscience including neuroanatomy, cell and molecular neurobiology, sensory systems, motor systems, regulatory systems, nervous system development, and cognitive and behavioral neuroscience. F

425.* Ichthyology. 3 credits. Structure and function, anatomy, physiology, behavior, classification, distribution and ecologic aspects of fishes. F/2

427.* Ornithology. 3 credits. Classification, identification, morphology, distribution, ecology and life history of birds. S

428.* Mammalogy. 3 credits. Classification, identification, morphology, distribution, ecology and life history of mammals. F/2

431.* Wildlife Management.
4 credits. Theory and methods of management of game populations. F

433. Aquatic Ecology. 3 credits. Analysis of the relationships between organisms and their physical, chemical and biological environments in freshwater ecosystems. S/2

434. Large Mammal Ecology. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Biol 332. A course covering details of the population ecology, specialized management approaches and techniques, and conservation of large-bodied mammals in North America and worldwide. F/2

438.* Fisheries Management. 3 credits. Concepts and approaches to the management of freshwater fisheries. Course will include discussion of life histories and requirements of important regional sport fishes. S

439. Conservation Biology. 3 credits. A course that integrates information from environmental policy, ecology, genetics, biogeography, economics and ethics towards preventing extinction and maintaining biological diversity. S/2

442. Physiology of Organs and Systems.
3 credits. Study of the physiology of organs and organ systems in vertebrates. S

442L.* Physiology of Organs and Systems Laboratory. 1 credit. Pre- or corequisite: Biol 442. A physiology laboratory to complement Biol 442. S

450. Molecular Genetics. 2 credits. Prerequisites: Biol 315. Topics will include basic molecular genetic mechanisms, recombinant DNA technology, the organization and function of the cell nucleus, and the molecular control of gene expression. S

470. Biometry. 3 credits. Analysis of biological data. Covers descriptive statistics, inferential statistics (e.g., t-tests, goodness-of-fit tests, regression, ANOVA and non-parametric tests), and interpreting and presenting statistical results. S

477. Concepts of Biology. 2 credits. Prerequisite: Senior status in biological science or consent of instructor. Consideration of the unifying concepts in biology. On demand.
480. Senior Capstone Seminar. 3 credits. Prerequisite: Senior status in biological science or permission of instructor. Key aspects of scientific inquiry and communication are investigated and assessed. Students will participate in discussions of relevant current issues in biology and will develop an independent research project. This course provides an opportunity for students to integrate and apply knowledge and skills obtained in biology. F,S

489. Senior Honors Thesis. 1 to 15 credits; total not to exceed 15. Prerequisite: consent of the Department and approval of the Honors Committee. Supervised independent study culminating in a thesis. F,S

491. Seminar. 1 credit. Prerequisite: Major or minor in biology. Discussion of selected topics in advanced biology, a different topic each semester. F,S

492. Research. 1 to 4 credits. Open to qualified majors. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Research conducted under the supervision of a faculty member. F,S

494. Directed Studies. 1 to 4 credits. May be repeated up to a total of 9 credits. Designed to meet the needs of individual students in the areas of faculty specialization. Consent of instructor. F,S

499. Special Topics. 1-4 credits. Prerequisites: Biol 150, Biol 151, or consent of instructor. Important and current topics in biology not covered by other courses. Repeatable when topics vary. On demand.

Office of the Registrar
Twamley Hall Room 201
264 Centennial Drive Stop 8382
Grand Forks, ND  58202-8382
Phone #: (701) 777-2711
Fax #: (701) 777-2696
Email: registrar@mail.und.nodak.edu