There are three reports and two categories of work
- Flipped Headings you should review but are probably okay.
- Unmatched Headings and Matched Split Headings which require work to correct them.
This process only affects Library of Congress Subject Headings, i.e. those coded 650 0 and 651 0 and 600 30. If the second indicator
is some other number or the heading is coded 600 0-2, 610, 611 the heading will not be affected by this process.
PALS has looked at the 450 #nne field to try to flip headings. When more than one record has the same 450 #nne heading or one record has several 450 #nne fields, you will get the Matched Split Headings report.
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These are headings that have now been corrected on your bib records to the current heading. The bib record formerly had a subject heading that
was correct earlier, but had been updated at the Library of Congress to the new heading.
- Exact matches are flipped. Example:
Art industries and trade is now Decorative arts
- 150 0 Decorative arts
- 450 0 #w nne #a Art industries and trade
- Headings with subdivisions constructed correctly also flipped. Example:
Art industries and trade #x Study and teaching is now Decorative arts #x Study and teaching.
If your bib record had an erroneous heading, a 450 see reference not labeled #w nne, a typo, etc. it did not flip. Those are reported in Unmatched Headings.
Flipped headings should be reviewed for other aspects of subject heading construction.
- Principles of simplification are followed: [topic]-[place]-[chronology]-[form]
- Geographic Subdivision is followed correctly: if the topic may be Geo Subd and the subdivision my be Geo Subd, the place goes after the subdivsion; if the subdivision is not Geo Subd (GeoS: i in PALS), the place goes after the topic.
- The Library of Congress Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject Headings and the Free-floating Subdivisions explain most of what you need.
- Many subdivisions, but not all, can be searched in the PALS Authority file with the TE AUT search.
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These are headings you have on your bib records that did match an authority record for some reason. They could have typos, they may be wrong, or they may be valid headings constructed according to LC’s Subject Cataloging
Manual but for which no authority record exists.
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These are headings that used to have one valid subject heading, but now there are two, or more, or visa versa.
- Example: Labor and laboring classes is now two headings:
- 150 0 Working class
- 450 0 #w nne #a Labor and laboring classes
- 150 0 Labor
- 450 0 #w nne #a Labor and laboring classes
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You can correct subject headings one-at-a-time or in groups.
- Verify the correct heading and subject heading construction format
for the subject heading as appropriate for your library:
- a. OCLC Authority Files
- b. Library of Congress Subject Headings
- c. Library of Congress Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject Headings
- d. Free-floating Subdivisions
- e. LC period subdivisions under names of places
- f. PALS Authority Files
- g. Other related manuals or guidelines
- Correct headings one-at-a-time using the MARC Editor
- a. This is the best method for the Unmatched Headings report or when only a few records need correcting
- b. The BIB-ID is given in your report in the left-hand column
- c. Use CMR [enter] BIB ID to bring up your record to be changed
- d. Change the heading to the correct heading and correct format
- e. ESC, then (U)pdate
- Correct headings in groups
- a. This is the best method for the Matched Split Headings or when you have a number of records that need correcting.
- b. You must first determine what the new subject headings should be.
- c. Next, you must review the records to determine which ones should go to each of the new headings. Search the subject heading listed on the report. Print the list and mark it or make a note for yourself which records by line number you want to change to one of the new headings.
- d. Use the CH command to create a list. Be VERY CAREFUL in selecting the records to change; watch subdivisions.
- e. Use the CMT workform to change the selected records.
- Type of change: blank
- Tags to apply change to: 650 [or 651, or 600 for family names]
- Old text heading: Old subject heading as it appears on the records you selected
- New text headings: New heading in correct format
- If you are changing a heading and a subdivision, the delimiter must be created using SHIFT-F2 for it to work
- PALS will respond with a list of BIB IDs with the note "Record changed". If you created a list poorly or typed your "old" and "new" text headings incorrectly, you will get a message saying "No matches found."
- Go back and redo your search. The remainder are probably the other new subject heading. However, if you found that you really have several subject headings, you will have to select each group, one-by-one.
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