102. Western Civilization since 1500. (CCN) 3 credits. An interpretive survey with emphais on movements common to Western Europe from the Reformation through World War II. F,S

103. United States to 1877. 3 credits. A survey of early American history, including old world background, transformation of British institution into American institutions, revolution, and the estbalishment of the Union with its temporary breakup in Civil War. F,S

104. United States since 1877. 3 credits. A survey of the history of the United States including the transformation of an isolationist, agrarian nation into an urban industrial and world power with attention to the resulting domestic social, economic and political changes. F,S

106. Middle Eastern Civilization From Islam to Present Time. 3 credits. A survey history of the civilization of the Eastern Mediterranean since the rise of Islam to the time of the formation of the present nation states. S/2

204. Canada to 1867. 3 credits. A survey of -re-Confederattion Canadian history from the pre-Columbia period to 1867. particular attention will be paid to the social, economic, and political factors in Europe and North America which shaped Canada's colonial history. F/2

205. Canada Since 1867. 3 credits. A survey of Canadian history from Confederation to the present. Beginning with an overview of pre-Confederation Canada, this course will focus upon the cultural, economic, and political factors that have shaped Canada in the modern era. S/2

210. United States Military History. 3 credits. A survey from colonial times to the rpesent of the Army's role in the formulation and implementation of national defense. Attention is given to the Constitutional and legal status of the Army, changing the influences of the Army on American society. Specific wars and battles are studied in terms of military tactics and strategy. F

220. History of North Dakota. 3 credits. A survey emphasizing settlement and development, noting the consequences of the state's location, climate, and settlers on the situation in which it now finds itself. special attention is paid to the Nonpartisan League story and the evolution of isolationist sentiment among North Dakotans. Recommended for Social Science major certification. F,S

221. The Scandinavian Countries Since 1500. A survey of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden from the Lutheran Reformation to the present. Emphais is on popular movements of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. S/2

240. The Historian's Craft. 3 credits. An introduction to research and writing history. Students will learn critical reading of secondary sources, how to locate and evaluate resources, how to analyze evidence, and how to apply the style and form of historical writing, and how to utilize methods of research. Students will also study historiography and types of historical writing and practice. F,S

269. World War II. (CCN) 3 credits. A brief survey of the background, strategy and major campaigns of world War II including some of the diplomatic and polticla problems encourntered by the major belligerents. The course inlcudes extnesive us eof documentary film. S/2

300. Topics in History. 1-3 credits. Repeatable to 6 credits. Topics in history which allow the student to study a specialized subject. 4 credits may apply to the history minor; 6 credits may apply to the history major. F,S

301. Medieval Civilization. 3 credits. A survey of the development of Europe from the late Roman Empire to the Renaissance. Emphasis is on political and intellectual developments. S/2

325. The United States: Nineteenth Century American West. 3 credits. An examination of major issues in the American West beginning with the trans-Appalachian West and proceeding ot the trans-Mississippi West. The course will examine social, political, military, and economic developments in the context of the Western environment. F/2

326. The United States: The Twenthieth Century American West. 3credits. An examination of the major issues in the trans-Mississippi West during the twentieth century. this course will examine social, political and economic developments in the context of the western environment. S/2

330. The United States: Social and Cultural, 19th Century. 3 credits. A survey of the contributions of social institutions (such as the family, school, church) the the development of a national culture. The colonial background is consdered briefly, but emphais is given to the first half of the nineteenth century. Changing attitudes toward social reform, intellectualism, class status, and minorities (such as children, women, blacks, and Indians) are examined. Competing regional trends in economic, social, political, and intellectual attitudes and institutions provide the dynamics for understanding the failure of nationalism during the antebellum period. F/2

332. Women in American History to 1865. 3 credits. A survey of U.S. women's history from the fifteenth century to 1865. the course will examine historical events and their signficance for women of diverse cultures and classes. F/2

333. Women in American History Since 1865. 3 credits. A study of the history of American women after the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Consitution. The course will examine historical events and their signficance for women of diverse cultures and classes. S/2

335. Nuclear Weapons and the Modern Age. 3 credits. An introduction to the history of: nuclear weapons and their delivery systems, their development and use during World War II, the nuclear arms race between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R., popular disarmament movements, and diplomatic efforts to control nuclear weapons and their proliferation. A final section will deal with the nulcear implications of the end of the Cold War and the development of new nuclear states in the last years of the 20th century. The course will include--from an historian's point of view--some technical material necessary to a reasonable and realistic understanding of the subject. S/2

339. The United States and Vietnam, 1945-1975. 3 credits. An exploration of Southeast Asian as well as American history. This course will survey briefly the development of Vietnamese culture and nationalism, the history of French imperialism in Indochina as background to an examination of the development of the Vietnamese independence movement, the origins of Vietnamese communism, the war for independence from France, and the violent and tragic relationship between the U.S. and Vietnam from the end of World War II to the final departure of American forces from Saigon. S/2

340. Women in Early Modern Europe. 3 credits. This course surveys women's experiences in the development of European civilization from the Renaissance to the mid-18th century. The class will examine such issues as perceptions of gender, the role of institutions in defining women's "place," women's contributions to their socieites, economies, states and cultures, the realities of their daily lives and their responses to these realities, and the significance for women of such developments as the Renaissance, the Reformation, social revolution, Imperialism, warfare and scientific discoveries. F/2

341. Women in European History Since 1750. 3 credits. This course surveys women's experiences in the development of European civilization from the mid-18th century to the present. The class will examine such issues as perceptions of gender, the role of institutions in defining women's "place," women's contributions to their societies, economies, states and cultures, the realities of their daily lives and their responses to these realities, and the significance for women of such developments as the industrial revolution, modern poltiical revolutions, the First and Second World Wars, the Holocaust and the Cold War. F/2

343. Ancient Greece. 3 credits. A study of Greek prehistory and history to the end of the Hellenistic era. Greek achievements in art, commerce, literature, politics, religion, science, and technology are surveyed. F/2

344. Ancient Rome. 3 credits. A survey of the prehistory, historical development, and ultimate decline in Rome. In addition to inquiries into the military, political, cultural, economic, and religious experiences of the ancient Romans, this course will attempt to delineate those qualities of life that were peculiarly Roman. S/2

345. The Ancient Near East. 3 credits. A course intended to acquaint the student with cultures of the ancient western Asian world. Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and the Levant are the areas emphasized. S/2

350. Europe: The Reformation, 1500-1648. 3 credits. The flow of events and ideas in Europe from the beginning of the Reformation to the end of the religious wars. F/2

351. Europe: Age of Absolutism, 1648-1789. 3 credits. The flow of events and ideas in Europe from the end of the Thirty Years' War to the French Revolution. S/2

352. Europe: French Revolution and napoleonic Era, 1789-1815. 3 credits. A course which serves as an admirable vehicle to observe human nature at its best and worst, as people responded to unprecedented and unexpected problems and opportunities. Study of this classic revolution compels a conclusion on how revolutions begin and, once begun whether they move under their own momentum to excess and then reaction. S/2

353. Europe: 1815-1918. 3 credits. A survey developing the theme that from 1815 to 1848 idealistic and utopian means were employed by those who sought to change frontiers, institutions, or governments. These methods were largely ineffective. With the 1848 revolutions, "a new toughness of mind" emerged, and those seeking to effect change became more pragmatic and realistic, as manifested, for example, in Marxism and Realpolitik. F/2

355. Europe Since 1918. 3 credits. A course divided into two equal parts --1919-1929 and 1929-1939. Until 1929 the postwar settlement--with its institutions, values, agencies, and hopes--appeared to be working. After 1929 it obviously was not. The conclusion of the course is that postwar problems were not resolved in their fundamentals and that World War II was but a continuation of World War I, after a twenty-year armistice. S/2

362. Modern China 3 credits. A survey of the political, economic, social, and intellectual history of China from the Opium War (1842) until the present. Special attention will be paid to the problems of modernization in traditional societies and to the nature of fundamental social revolution. F/2

370. African-American History to 1877. 3 credits. This course begins with an examination of when and why the idea of race first developed; it then surveys colonial slavery, the impact of the American Revolution on race relations, and the slave community during the antebellum period. We also consider the lives of free blacks in the North and South, as well as the similarities and differences between U.S. and Latin American slavery. The course concludes with a detailed look at Reconstruction, this nation's experiment in interracial democracy. Through lecture, discussion, projects, and writing assignments, History 370 highlights both the tribulations and triumphs of African Americans. F

371. African-American History Since 1877. 3 credits. This course begins with a brief overview of Reconstruction; it then examines Populism, the entrenchment of Jim Crow segregation, and the philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois. We also explore the impact of World War I on African Americans, as well as the Great Migration, the Harlem Renaissance, and the Great Depression/World War II era. Several weeks are devoted to the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements, and the course concludes with an examination of contemporary race relations. A mixture of lectures, discussion, projects, and writing assignments, History 371 emphasizes both the travails and triumphs of African Americans since 1877, and endeavors to discover (and cultivate) the forces which promote racial equality and social justice. S

381. Modern Africa. 3 credits. This course will survey Africa's hsitory from the earliest times to the present. The majority of the class will focus upon the period from 1500 to the present and will explore how both internal and external forces shaped Africa's history, especially in the 19th adn 20th centuries. The class will spend time discussing the current problems and opportunities of Africa to present the students with a broad understanding of globalization. S/2

397. Cooperative Education. 3 credits. May be repeated to a maximum of 9 credits. A practical work experience with an employer closely associated with the student's academic area. Arranged by mutual agreement among student, department, and employer. S/U grading only. F,S,SS

399. Selected Topics in History. 2-3 credits. Selected topics in history which allow the student to study a specialized subject. Credits may apply to history major or minor. F,S

403. The United Sates: The Colonial Period. 3 credits. A survey of the background of British colonization, the development of diverse colonial cultures, and the transformation in maturing provincial societies of the European heritage. The seventeenth-century Age of Faith and the eighteenth-century Age of Reason are contrasted to illustrate the changing attitudes of Americans toward themselves and
Britain. The underlying theme is long-range causes of American independence. F

404. The United States: Revolutionary Era, 1760-1789. 3 credits. A survey of the immediate causes of the American Revolution, with emphasis upon the incompatibility of American and British constitutional and ideological views. American techniques of propaganda and resistance are analyzed; military history is deemphasized. The results of independence are discussed in terms of the changing attitudes reflected
in the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. S

405. The United States: Age of Jefferson and Jackson, 1789-1850. 3 credits. A study of the creation of a new, expansive nationalism in the development of new institutions and new national character, and the simultaneous growth of sectional forces which brought the new nation to the brink of Civil War. F/2

406. The United States: Civil War and Reconstruction, 1850-1877. 3 credits. A study of the
acceleration of the forces of sectionalism and racism that caused the temporary breakdown of the American democratic process and the tragedy of Civil War and Reconstruction. S/2

407. The United States: Rise of Industrial America, 1877-1917. 3 credits. A survey of the rise of America to industrial and world power. Emphasis is placed upon the great changes which the Industrial Revolution brought and the American response to these changes. Detailed attention is given to the Populist and Progressive movements. F/2

408. The United States, 1920-1945. 3 credits. A study of American society from the end of World War I through World War II. Emphasis will be placed upon the Republican ascendancy and social changes during the 1920s, the causes of the Great Depression, the New Deal, the road to World War II, and the war, especially the homefront. F/2

412. U.S., Foreign Relations Since 1900. 3 credits. An advanced survey of the major policies advocated and pursued by the U.S. during the 20th century. S/2

413. The United States Since 1945. 3 credits. An advanced examination of the United States as it has developed from the height of its power, influence, and prosperity through years of upheaval, cultural and political transformation, and economic decline. F/2

414. France Since 1815. 3 credits. A survey of the Red versus Black tradition during the nineteenth century and its repudiation in the twentieth century. F

415. Germany Since 1815. 3 credits. An interpretation of the Second Reich, Weimar, and the Third Reich. S

416. Russia to 1855. 3 credits. A survey of Russia+s political, economic, and cultural development before the beginning of modern reforms and the growth of revolutionary ideas. F/2

417. Russia Since 1855. 3 credits. A survey of Russia and the Soviet Union, emphasizing failed reforms, successful revolutions, and the establishment of the Soviet State. S/2

419. Great Britain Since 1815. 3 credits. A survey developing the theme of the pragmatic response of the British people to the problems and opportunities provided by the Industrial Revolution. The conclusion presented is that the Welfare State established after World War II was the logical culmination of this pragmatic response. F/2

421. The British Empire, 1496-1884. 3 credits. A survey of British Imperial history from the Tudors to the "Scramble for Africa." Particular attention will be paid to the social, economic, and political factors which shaped Britain's Imperial history as well as the history of its colonies. F/2

422. The British Empire and Commonwealth, 1884-the present. 3 credits. A survey of British Imperial history from the "Scramble for Africa" to the present. Beginning with an overview of the early Empire, this course will focus upon the cultural, economic, and political factors which shaped and led to thedeconstruction of the Empire/Commonwealth in the modern era. S/2

425. American Family in Historical Perspective. 3 credits. This course is devised as a survey of the family over the nation's first 400 years of existence. Course members will examine variations in the structure of the family, changes in the definition of the family and the forces which have wrought significant alterations in this most basic of social institutions, taking into consideration race, culture, and gender. S

431. Seminar in the History of the Great Plains. 3 credits. This course promotes focused study of the Great Plains of North America through reading, discussion, research, and writing. Students will examine all aspects of Great Plains history including culture, environment, social organization, economics, and politics from the ancient past to the present. S/2

440. Research. 2 credits. A methodology course. Though designed primarily for history majors, History 440 may prove very useful for students in other social science fields. Through discussion and working inthe library, the students develop skills both in the compiling of a bibliography and in the use of journals, newspapers, government documents, manuscript collections, pictorial materials, etc. Each studentwrites a paper that demonstrates the use and evaluation of these historical source materials. F,S

450. European Social History. 3 credits. This course will cover the methods, hisotoriography, and problems of European social history. The course is divided into three sections for topical content: the Ancient Regime, the Age of Reform, and the Twentieth Century. There are several fairly specific skills students will develop, all of which can loosely be organized under the genral heading of "how historians think:" to be able to distinguish between a primary and a secondary source; to be able to analyze a primary source within its appropriate historical context; to be able to locate the thesis or argument in a secondary source and to be able to offer an informed evaluation of that argument; to be able to read a secondary source within its particular context as part of a larger discussion of facts, individuals, events, etc,; and to be able to construct a sound historical thesis/argument of their own, whether in writing or class discussions. F/2

460. The Atlantic World. 3 credits. This is a comparative world history course that focuses upon the cultural, economic, social, political, ideaological and religious interaction, competition, conflict and change between Western Europe, West Africa, and the Americas. The course will begin in the 1400s by examining the foundations of European expansion and end with the revolutions of the Americas and Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. A major focus of the class will be cultural interaction, the slave trade, and the foundations of the modern world system. F/2

470. United States-Canadian Relations, 1776 to the Present. 3 credits. This course explores the historical relationships linking and dividing Canada and the United States of America since 1774.Because of the unique constitutional and diplomatic status of British North America and then Canada itself, this course examines the often complex tri-partite relationship between the U.S., Canada, and Great Britain. F/2

480. Introduction to Public History. 3 credits. An introduction to public history at federal, state, and local levels. Emphasis is given to archival theory, oral history, museum studies and historic preservation, with attention to awareness of historical resources. F

481. Public History Practice 3 credits. A practicum in which the student learns through experience thetechniques of public history work. S/2

489. Senior Honors Theses. (CCN) 1-15 credits; total not to exceed fifteen. Prerequisite: consent of the Department and approval of the Honors Committee. Supervised independent study culminating in a thesis. F,S

494. Readings in History. (CCN) 1-3 credits. Repeatable to 6. F,S

GRADUATE COURSES

515. Research Seminar in European History. Research Seminar in European History. 3 credits. Required for all candidates for the Doctor of Arts and Master of Arts who do not take History 515. This course requires preparation of a research paper. The subject of the research will be within an announced general topic area of American History. Repeatable.

594. Readings in European History-Modern Europe. Requires examination of the historical literature pertaining to Modern Euope, the period since 1815 to the present.